The Hidden Burden: Addressing Disparities in Childhood Cancer Incidence Trends.
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BACKGROUND: Childhood cancer incidence and survival vary substantially worldwide, with major disparities between high- and low and middle-income countries (HICs and LMICs). This review synthesizes global disparities in incidence, survival, and the factors contributing to inequity. RECENT FINDINGS: Childhood cancer incidence has increased in several regions, but trends vary geographically. Major disparities persist in registry coverage, diagnosis, stage at presentation, treatment access, and survival, with 5-year survival exceeding 80% in most HICs but remaining below 30% in many LMICs. CONCLUSION: Global disparities reflect interacting socioeconomic, environmental, genetic, and health-system factors, compounded by substantial data gaps and inconsistent surveillance. Strengthening cancer registries, standardizing classification and staging, expanding equitable cancer care, and prioritizing multinational research are essential to reduce these inequities.