[Testicular leukemia and its treatment in prepubertal males: An update].
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Childhood testicular leukemia (TL) is a secondary or metastatic malignant tumor which is caused by infiltration of blood leukemic cells into testicular tissue, and it is one of the extramedullary infiltration manifestations of acute leukemia. Due to the existence of the blood-testis barrier, the testicles become a sanctuary for leukemia cells. Once TL occurs, systemic intensive chemotherapy, local treatment of the testis (radiotherapy or orchiectomy) or immunotherapy are often required. At present, research on the surgical treatment of TL in children is very rare both at home and abroad. This review focuses on the clinical features, pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies of pediatric TL, aiming to provide a reference for precise clinical diagnosis and treatment.