Cancer Burden in Bangladesh: Age- and Sex-Specific Incidence, Prevalence, Mortality, and Forecasts Up to 2050.
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BACKGROUND: Cancer poses a formidable health crisis and major public health challenge in Bangladesh, while globally it remains among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality across all ages. This study aimed to explore the age- and sex-specific incidence, mortality, and prevalence of cancers in Bangladesh. METHODS: This study was based on secondary, modeled data obtained from the Global Cancer Observatory (GCO), GLOBOCAN 2022 database developed by the International Agency for Research on Cancer under the World Health Organization, with supplementary estimates retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study. RESULTS: In 2022, Bangladesh recorded 167,256 new cancer cases and 116,598 cancer-related deaths, with higher age-standardized incidence and mortality rates observed in males. The leading cancers by incidence (per 100,000) were esophagus (16.0), breast (15.2), cervix uteri (11.3), lip and oral cavity (10.3), and lung cancers (8.8). Notably, Bangladesh ranked first globally for esophageal cancer incidence (16.0) and mortality (15.3). Prevalence was the highest for breast and oral cavity cancers. Age-specific patterns revealed that leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) were predominant in children, while breast, cervix, esophageal, and lung cancers became more common in adults and the elderly. Forecasts suggest that by 2050, new cancer cases will rise to 348,000 and deaths to 252,000, nearly doubling the current burden. CONCLUSIONS: Significant increases are expected for trachea, bronchus, lung, and gallbladder cancers. Esophageal cancer is projected to remain the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, while leukemia, breast, cervix, and gallbladder cancers will continue to exert substantial impacts across different age groups. These trends underscore the urgent need for targeted prevention, early detection, and comprehensive cancer control strategies in Bangladesh.