Changes in Opioid Prescription Patterns Following Implementation of the Controlled Substance Utilization Review and Evaluation System.
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BACKGROUND: Drug overdose and poisoning deaths in the pediatric and adolescent population have recently surpassed cancer as the third-leading cause of death, resulting in the opioid epidemic being declared a public health emergency. Federal mandates, such as the Controlled Substance Utilization Review and Evaluation System (CURES) database that followed, were created to improve monitoring of opioid prescriptions. The impact of CURES on pain management for children and adolescents undergoing common arthroscopic procedures has not been assessed. HYPOTHESIS: Post-CURES reduction in opioid prescriptions will not result in additional postsurgical triage contacts or additional prescription needs in a pediatric and adolescent cohort undergoing arthroscopic procedures. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: Pediatric and adolescent patients (ages 10-19 years) undergoing common arthroscopic knee and shoulder procedures by a single surgeon at a single, tertiary care pediatric hospital from 2013 through 2023 were reviewed. Demographics, surgical details, and postoperative outcomes were compared across pre- (before 2018) and post-CURES (2018 and later) cohorts defined as before and after implementation of a change in opioid prescription habits that occurred in response to the mandatory reporting in CURES. Primary outcomes included phone calls or messages to the triage nurse related to pain. Secondary outcomes included additional opioid prescriptions required to manage pain. RESULTS: The post-CURES cohort (N = 224) was prescribed significantly fewer morphine milligram equivalents (total MMEs prescribed) compared with the pre-CURES cohort (N = 244) (89.4 ± 8.3 vs 444.3 ± 66.0; P < .001). Patients in the post-CURES cohort were more likely to call regarding pain (13% vs 7%; P = .03). However, there were no differences in additional pain prescriptions required (4% pre- vs 4% post-CURES; P≥ .99) to manage pain. CONCLUSION: Despite a nearly 5-fold decrease in total MMEs prescribed, there was no increase in additional pain prescriptions required even though there was a 2-fold increase in messages related to pain to the triage nurse via education and reassurance. The hypothesis was upheld in part, suggesting that effective pain management can be achieved with fewer opioids, but that the postoperative care of adolescents undergoing arthroscopy could be further improved.