Assessment of radionuclide contents and radiological health risks of infant formulae consumed in Türkiye.
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Food contamination with radionuclides can seriously threaten the health of infants due to their weak immune system. In this study, for the first time, the contents of the natural (226Ra, 232Th, and 40K) and anthropogenic (137Cs) radionuclides in commercial infant formula and follow-on formula samples consumed in Türkiye were determined by gamma-ray spectroscopy. Also, the radiological health risk caused by the ingestion of these formulae was assessed by estimating the annual effective dose (E) and cancer risk (CR). The average activity concentrations (Bq/kg) of the radionuclides analyzed in the formula samples were 2.6 (226Ra), 2.8 (232Th), 162 (40K), and <0.5 (137Cs). The total average E (mSv/y) and mortality CR values were found to be 0.7 and 2.8 × 10-6 (for infants) and 0.2 and 5.6 × 10-6 (for toddlers). The results reveal that the investigated formula samples do not pose a significant effective dose and radiological health risk.