Distinct synovial proinflammatory cytokine and hyaluronic acid profiles in temporomandibular joint of patients with Class Ⅱ and Class Ⅲ dentofacial deformities.
AI interpretation is pending for this paper.
Open original publication →What the AI sees
Not AI summarized yet.
Research significance
Pending deeper interpretation.
Source abstract
This prospective study assessed hyaluronic acid (HA) and proinflammatory cytokine levels in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) synovial fluid of patients with skeletal Class Ⅱ and Class Ⅲ dentofacial deformities undergoing orthognathic surgery. The concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL -1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factors-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and HA in synovial fluid samples obtained from 59 patients were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Evaluations of condylar morphology, disc position, and joint effusion (JE) were also performed using clinical and imaging findings. In the Class Ⅲ group, IL-6 levels were significantly higher whereas IFN-γ levels were significantly elevated in the Class Ⅱ group. Furthermore, the Class Ⅱ patients showed a significantly reduced HA concentration. Neither IL-1β nor TNF-α was detected in either group. Subgroup analysis of the Class Ⅱ group revealed significantly higher IL-6 expression in TMJs with condylar deformity, anterior disc displacement without reduction, and JE. These findings suggest that inflammatory cytokine activities, particularly involving IL-6 and IFN-γ, and reduced HA levels are associated with TMJ pathology in skeletal Class Ⅱ dentofacial deformities. They also indicate that comprehensive evaluation of TMJ biological status can be helpful for assessing joint deterioration risk and ensuring postoperative occlusal stability in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery.