Recent patterns and trends in global ovarian cancer incidence and mortality in adolescents and young adults.
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OBJECTIVE: Ovarian cancer in adolescents and young adults (AYAs, aged 15-39 years) presents distinct clinical and epidemiological characteristics, yet comprehensive global epidemiological data remain limited. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive analysis using 3 International Agency for Research on Cancer databases: GLOBOCAN 2022, Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Plus, and World Health Organization (WHO) mortality database. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) and mortality rates (ASMRs) per 100,000 women-years were calculated using the WHO World Standard Population. Countries were stratified by Human Development Index (HDI). Temporal trends were analyzed using Joinpoint regression to calculate annual percent change and average annual percent change (AAPC). RESULTS: In 2022, global ASIRs for AYAs (15-39 years) ovarian cancer demonstrated relative uniformity across regions, with highest rates in Melanesia. ASMRs exhibited an inverse HDI gradient, with low-HDI regions experiencing highest mortality burdens (0.75 per 100,000 women-years) despite lower incidence (2.02 per 100,000 women-years). Analysis of the most recent 5-year period revealed divergent trends, characterized by a significant rise in incidence in Thailand (AAPC=6.62%; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.84%, 11.52%) across 44 regions and marked mortality elevations in the Syrian Arab Republic (AAPC=15.89%; 95% CI=10.29%, 21.64%) and Venezuela (AAPC=11.08%; 95% CI=8.06%, 14.01%) in 59 regions. CONCLUSION: Despite relatively uniform global incidence, mortality from ovarian cancer in AYAs shows pronounced international disparities, with the greatest burden concentrated in low-HDI regions. Evidence from divergent incidence-mortality trajectories indicating that healthcare improvements enhance survival highlights the critical need for targeted interventions to address global disparities in AYA ovarian cancer outcomes.