[Nutritional status and cardiovascular risk in pediatric cancer survivors ‒ A systematic review].
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INTRODUCTION: the increase in pediatric cancer survival has led to a growing population of survivors at higher risk of developing long-term cardiovascular complications, in which nutritional status has emerged as a potential modulator of cardiometabolic risk. OBJECTIVES: to systematically and critically analyze the available scientific evidence on the relationship between nutritional status and the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events in pediatric cancer survivors. METHODS: a systematic literature review was conducted through a structured search in scientific databases, applying predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were extracted and analyzed using descriptive and comparative approaches. RESULTS: findings indicate that survivors present an increased risk of cardiovascular complications primarily associated with exposure to cardiotoxic therapies. Additionally, both undernutrition and overweight/obesity were identified as factors related to a higher risk of cardiotoxicity and cardiometabolic alterations, including dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance. Evidence regarding nutritional interventions remains limited and heterogeneous. CONCLUSIONS: nutritional status plays a relevant role in the development of cardiovascular complications in this population. Its integration into long-term follow-up care could contribute to the prevention of adverse events and to improving the quality of life of pediatric cancer survivors.