Laparoscopic Resection of Vaginal Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma in a 16-Month-Old Girl: An Organ-Preserving Surgical Approach.
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BACKGROUND: Vaginal rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare malignant soft tissue tumor in pediatric patients, and optimal management aims to achieve tumor control while preserving pelvic organs. CASE: We report the case of a 16-month-old girl who presented with a protruding vaginal mass. Imaging studies revealed a vaginal tumor near the cervix without evidence of metastatic disease. Histopathological examination confirmed embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. The patient received 12 weeks of neoadjuvant VAC/VA chemotherapy, followed by laparoscopic tumor resection to address the limited pelvic space in infancy and preserve surrounding organs. The postoperative course was uneventful, and adjuvant chemotherapy was completed. At 32 months of follow-up, no local recurrence or distant metastasis was observed. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic resection combined with chemotherapy may represent a feasible, organ-preserving treatment option for selected infants with vaginal rhabdomyosarcoma; however, long-term follow-up remains necessary.