[True aneurysm of the superior thyroid artery with hemoptysis: a case report and literature review].
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Objective: To investigate the clinical data of a patient with an aneurysm of the superior thyroid artery and to review the literature to improve the understanding of the disorder. Methods: The clinical data of one patient presenting with hemoptysis as the primary symptom of a superior thyroid artery aneurysm were analyzed. A literature search was conducted using Wanfang Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), PubMed, and Web of Science to retrieve Chinese and English articles on superior thyroid artery aneurysms reported between January 31, 2002, and December 31, 2024. Results: A total of 25 cases were retrieved, with ages ranging from 16 to 80 years (mean age: 56.84±16.40 years). Most of the cases were reported in adult men (16/25), and the lesions were located more frequently on the right side (15/25) than on the left side(9/25). There were 10 cases of hypertension, 5 cases of chronic renal failure, 3 cases of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, 2 cases of pharyngeal malignant tumors, 1 case of laryngeal cancer, 1 case of diabetes, and 1 case of thyroid cancer. The clinical manifestations varied widely, ranging from mild symptoms such as neck masses to life-threatening conditions caused by massive hemorrhage and neck tissue compression. Doppler ultrasound, enhancement CT and angiography formed the basis for diagnosis. The main treatment methods were local compression, vascular interventional embolization and surgery. Conclusions: Superior thyroid aneurysm is rare and can present with a variety of clinical manifestations. It is mainly manifested by hemoptysis, which can endanger the patient's life. Timely treatment of vascular intervention embolism can prevent fatal complications.