Telangiectatic Osteosarcoma Arising in a Treated Unicameral Bone Cyst of the Proximal Humerus: A Case Report.
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INTRODUCTION: Unicameral bone cysts (UBCs) are benign, fluid-filled lesions most commonly affecting the proximal humerus in children. Malignant transformation of a histologically confirmed UBC is extraordinarily rare, with only isolated cases reported in the literature. CASE REPORT: A 12-year-old girl developed high-grade telangiectatic osteosarcoma of the left proximal humerus 18 months after curettage and injection of a bone substitute for a biopsy-proven UBC. She presented with new-onset shoulder pain, and further imaging and biopsy confirmed telangiectatic osteosarcoma. She underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by wide resection and alloprosthetic hemiarthroplasty reconstruction. CONCLUSION: This rare case highlights that new or recurrent symptoms after treatment of benign bone tumors warrant immediate re-evaluation, as malignant transformation, though rare, can occur.