A comparison of bilateral internal jugular vein sampling with bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling at Mayo Clinic for the subtype evaluation of corticotropin-dependent cushing syndrome.
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OBJECTIVE: Distinguishing between pituitary corticotropin (ACTH)-dependent Cushing disease (CD) and ectopic ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome (EADCS) is diagnostically challenging. This study compared the diagnostic performance of bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) and bilateral internal jugular vein sampling (BIJVS). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 109 patients at Mayo Clinic (1998-2018) who underwent simultaneous BIPSS and BIJVS. Eighty-four patients proceeded to pituitary surgery based on BIPSS results, and 81 ultimately received confirmed diagnoses: 74 with CD and 7 with EADCS. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated using pre- and post-corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulation criteria. RESULTS: BIJVS was positive in 35/74 CD patients at baseline and 59/74 post-CRH, compared with 68/74 and 72/74, respectively, for BIPSS. Combined pre- and post-CRH criteria yielded 82% sensitivity and 86% specificity for BIJVS, compared with 100% sensitivity and specificity for BIPSS. CONCLUSION: BIPSS is superior to BIJVS for establishing the source of ACTH hypersecretion in ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome. BIJVS demonstrates limited diagnostic utility in clinical practice.