The Role of Online Support, Caregiving, and Gender in Preventative Cancer Genetic Testing Participation: Cross-Sectional Study From a National Study.
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BACKGROUND: Despite its potential to predict and detect early cancer risks, genetic testing remains underused by the public. This study, guided by the health belief model (HBM), examined key factors influencing an individual's willingness to undergo genetic testing for cancer, with a particular focus on gender, caregiver status, and participation in online social support groups. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the factors that can influence the individual's decision to undergo preventative genetic testing for cancer so that more informed action can be taken to encourage the individuals to engage in preventative health behavior. METHODS: This study uses data collected from the 2020 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 5 Cycle 4), which included 2947 respondents representing 199,510,996 US adults aged 18 years and older. Multivariable logistic regression and survey-weighted generalized linear models were applied to examine the relationship between cancer genetic testing and caregiver status, participation in online support groups, gender, and constructs associated with the HBM, while controlling for sociodemographic and health-related characteristics. RESULTS: Our findings show that women are more likely to undergo cancer genetic testing, with gender moderating the influence of perceived susceptibility (β=2.54, P=.03) and severity (β=0.94, P<.050) on testing decisions. In line with the HBM, perceived benefits (β=0.19, P=.03) and cues to action (β=2.86, P<.001) increase the likelihood of testing. Results also show that caregivers of patients with cancer (β=1.25, P=.04) and those actively participating in online health support groups (β=0.47, P=.04) are also more likely to engage in cancer genetic testing. CONCLUSIONS: Cancer remains a significant health challenge in the United States, with 1.8 million new cases and 606,520 deaths annually. Early detection is vital for treatment success. This study investigates factors influencing the decision to undergo genetic testing for cancer. The examination of caregiver status and online support groups as influencing factors, along with the HBM, provided a significant theoretical contribution to the health care research domain. Results indicated that caregivers and men should be directly targeted with messaging on genetic cancer screening as a proactive health behavior. Additionally, online support groups can promote early detection and encourage participation in genetic testing. Future research should further explore implementing proactive outreach strategies to encourage wider adoption of genetic testing for cancer.