Patterns of high-risk histopathology features of retinoblastoma in enucleated and exenterated eyes at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital: a retrospective study.
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INTRODUCTION: Retinoblastoma (RB) is a common eye tumor in children, particularly in developing countries, where it is often diagnosed at advanced stages. Early detection is crucial for successful treatment, as untreated RB can be fatal. A study conducted at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) aimed to assess the rate of high-risk histopathological features (HRF) in RB patients. METHODS: Institution based retrospective review was conducted. Data was collected from patients' pathology reports. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 26 data analysis software. RESULT: The study involved 110 children, with a mean age of 36.33 months (SD = 20.6), a minimum age of 4 months, and a maximum age of 120 months. Most cases (98, 89.1%) were diagnosed before the age of 4 years. Gross findings were evaluated using 1 to 3 blocks in 33 (50.8%) of the cases, and the most common histopathological feature observed was necrosis, present in 91 (82.7%) of the cases. High-risk features (HRF) were observed in 62 (56.4%) of the patients, with the most frequent HRF being postlaminar optic nerve invasion (28, 25.5%), followed by extrascleral invasion (27, 24.5%). The age of the patient was significantly correlated with HRF, with a positive correlation coefficient of 0.187 a p-value of 0.025. CONCLUSION: A significant number of patients having RB assessed at TASH showed a high frequency of HRF. This emphasizes the importance of early detection and comprehensive histopathology reporting to improve patient outcomes.