Implementation science in global paediatric oncology: a scoping review protocol.
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INTRODUCTION: Annually, it is estimated that 400 000 children develop cancer. Childhood cancer is a leading cause of disease-related death among children worldwide, yet survival outcomes vary dramatically between regions. While approximately 80% of children with cancer survive in high-resourced settings, less than 30% of children with cancer in low-resource settings survive. The challenge, therefore, is no longer solely about discovering effective interventions, but about understanding how to implement them effectively, sustainably and at scale. The survival gap between settings is often multifaceted and therefore well suited to the systematic approach that is used within implementation science. Implementation science bridges the gap between research and practice by identifying barriers and facilitators to implementation, adapting interventions to local contexts, evaluating implementation outcomes, developing and testing strategies that promote sustainable implementation and scale-up. This scoping review aims to map the existing use of implementation science and identify evidence gaps at the intersection of implementation science and global paediatric oncology. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This scoping review adheres to both the Population Concept Context guidelines of Arksey and O’Malley and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist for scoping reviews. A comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Global Index Medicus and SciELO from database inception until 6 March 2026. Predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria will determine the selection of articles. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts. Data will then be extracted from the full-text articles based on predefined extraction variables. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The findings will serve as a foundational step towards establishing an international research agenda for implementation science in paediatric oncology. This scoping review will analyse existing published data. No human participants are involved in this research. Therefore, ethical approval is not required. The final scoping review will be submitted for peer-reviewed publication in an open-access scientific journal.