Liver resection is associated with better survival than TACE for hepatocellular carcinoma modestly beyond Milan criteria: a multicenter propensity-matched analysis.
In a 15-center observational cohort of 1,110 patients with Child-Pugh A hepatocellular carcinoma modestly beyond Milan criteria, liver resection was associated with longer overall survival than TACE, including after propensity-score matching and across alternative extended-transplant definitions.
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In a 15-center observational cohort of 1,110 patients with Child-Pugh A hepatocellular carcinoma modestly beyond Milan criteria, liver resection was associated with longer overall survival than TACE, including after propensity-score matching and across alternative extended-transplant definitions.
Research significance
The reported evidence supports an association between liver resection and better survival in selected transplant-ineligible patients with modestly beyond-Milan HCC; it remains an inference requiring prospective testing that resection itself improves outcomes, and the record provides no pediatric-specific evidence.
Source abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Liver transplantation (LT) is considered the optimal treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) within extended transplant criteria, but it is available to only a minority of patients. The optimal alternative treatment strategy for patients with HCC beyond the Milan criteria (BMC) but still within extended transplant frameworks-defined in this study as modestly beyond the Milan criteria (MBMC)-remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the overall survival (OS) associated with liver resection (LR) versus transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with MBMC-HCC. METHODS: Between January 2010 and October 2021, 1,110 patients with MBMC-HCC and Child-Pugh A liver function from 15 hepatobiliary centers in China were included, including 424 who underwent LR and 686 who received TACE. Overall survival was compared between groups using propensity score matching (PSM). The findings were further evaluated in additional BMC-HCC cohorts defined according to other extended transplant criteria, including the Asan criteria, up-to-7 criteria, the French AFP model, and the Metroticket 2.0 model. RESULTS: In the multicenter MBMC-HCC cohort, as well as in the additional BMC-HCC cohorts, LR was associated with significantly longer overall survival than TACE (all log-rank P < 0.001). After 1:1 PSM, the survival advantage of LR remained consistent. Multivariable analyses and subgroup analyses across tumor burden and other baseline factors showed similar trends, although these findings should be interpreted with caution. CONCLUSIONS: LR was associated with significantly better overall survival than TACE in selected patients with MBMC-HCC. These findings support further prospective studies to clarify the role of LR in this population when transplantation is not available.