Assessment of factors associated with delayed diagnosis of cryptorchidism and orchidopexy.
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BACKGROUND: Undescended testis (UDT) is a congenital anomaly. Early orchidopexy preserves fertility and reduces the risk of malignancy. However, delays in diagnosis and surgeries remain common in Saudi Arabia. OBJECTIVES: Our study aims to determine the hospital-based proportion of UDT at our facility and factors associated with delayed orchidopexy in patients with a diagnosis or suspicion of UDT. This hospital-based study does not estimate population-level incidence or prevalence. METHODOLOGY: This study included children (0-14 years) with cryptorchidism (2018-2023). SPSS v25 analyzed data from the hospital's database, with descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, t-tests, and multivariate logistic regression (P < 0.05). RESULTS: Multivariate analysis identified that referrals from pediatric physicians had an odds ratio (OR) of 2.512 (P = 0.041) for delayed surgery, while normal testis at birth reduced the OR 0.184 (P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: In our center, orchidopexy timing is significantly delayed, and the hospital-based proportion of UDT represents a substantial clinical burden. In our center, delays are associated with unstructured referral pathways and inadequate neonatal screening. Standardizing referrals and implementing structured neonatal screening are crucial.