Case report: A case of adolescent invasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma with literature review.
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Invasive Encapsulated Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (IEFVPTC) is a well-differentiated malignant thyroid tumor. The 2022 WHO 5th edition classification of endocrine tumors recognizes it as an independent entity. It is more common in adults and rare in children. This report describes a 13-year-old female patient who presented with a neck mass. Ultrasound revealed a 3.4 cm×2.2 cm×2.5 cm hypoechoic nodule in the left lobe, exhibiting regular shape, well-defined margins, an aspect ratio <1, heterogeneous internal echoes, and hypervascularity, corresponding to TI-RADS 4a. Radionuclide imaging demonstrated a "hot nodule". Following preoperative oral methimazole therapy to control thyroid function, the patient underwent "total endoscopic transaxillary left thyroid lobectomy". Pathology confirmed IEFVPTC (minimally invasive type). A review of the literature shows that IEFVPTC may present with benign ultrasound features, leading to misdiagnosis. Heightened vigilance is warranted for hypervascular nodules in adolescents, with needle biopsy indicated when necessary. Lobectomy suffices for tumors <4 cm without vascular invasion.