Acute myeloid leukemia following treatment of malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney: a case report.
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OBJECTIVE: Malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney (MRTK) is a rare and highly aggressive pediatric malignancy with a poor prognosis. We report a rare case of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) developing after successful treatment of MRTK in a child and discuss its clinical course and possible therapy-related etiology. CASE PRESENTATION: We successfully treated a 12-year-old Iranian girl of Turkish ethnicity with stage III or higher MRTK in Qazvin, Iran, using surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Approximately 7 months after completion of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and 16 months after the initial diagnosis of MRTK, the patient developed acute myeloid leukemia. CONCLUSION: This case highlights the development of acute myeloid leukemia after treatment for malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney in a pediatric patient. Long-term follow-up is essential for the early detection of secondary malignancies.