Assessment of everyday executive functioning in children and adolescents treated for childhood noncentral nervous system solid tumor.
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OBJECTIVE: Few studies have documented executive functions (EFs) following treatment of childhood noncentral nervous systems (non-CNS) solid tumor although treatments administered for several months or even a year during active brain development could affect EF development. The aims of this study were to explore everyday life executive complaints and associated factors. METHOD: EFs were assessed using parent form of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function in a large sample of participants diagnosed with a non-CNS solid tumor (n = 253). RESULTS: The study sample comprised 253 patients (139 boys [55%]; mean age at diagnosis 6.12 years [SD = 4.18] years, mean age at assessment 11.65 years [SD = 3.21], 17 [7%] with a history of developmental delay or learning disability before cancer). Parental education level was medium-low (i.e., <12 years of formal education) in 94 families (37%). Mean Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function T-scores were in the normative range, but significantly elevated compared to norms across all three composite indices and most clinical scales (all p < .001), with small effect sizes (Cohen's 0.20 < d ≤ 0.30). Thirty-eight (15%) participants evidenced global executive composite scores in the clinical range (T ≥ 65). Executive complaints were significantly more frequent in boys, in older participants at assessment, in those with longer time since diagnosis, and in those with a history of developmental delay/learning disabilities. Clinically significant global executive composite scores were also associated with greater need for school support and ongoing rehabilitation at the time of assessment. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest significant, albeit mild parent-reported EF impairments following treatment of childhood non-CNS tumor. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).