Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein-1 expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma with clinical correlation. A study in North East India.
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BACKGROUND: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant mucosal epithelial neoplasm covering the nasopharynx with varied geographical distribution. A number of etiological factors have been associated with the development of NPC, and infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) being a long-recognized contributor. The study aims to correlate the status of EBV infection in relation to NPC within the region. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study on histologically confirmed, archived tissues from January 2020 to December 2024 was conducted. Immunohistochemistry expression of latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) was used to detect EBV infection in the tissues. RESULTS: A total of 112 cases were enrolled in this study. The mean age was 46.13 years with a male-to-female ratio of 2.6:1. The highest number of EBV-positive cases occurred in the 36-45 year age group. About 24.1% of the 112 samples tested positive for LMP-1, all of which were non-keratinizing carcinoma. Non-keratinizing carcinoma was the most common histopathological subtype (n = 109; 97.3%). Keratinizing had three cases, representing the remaining 2.7%. No cases of basaloid variant were recorded. The majority of LMP-1 positive cases were locally advanced. CONCLUSION: A significant proportion of NPC, particularly non-keratinizing histological subtype, positive for LMP-1 by immunohistochemistry were locally advanced. This method may serve as a practical approach for detecting EBV infection in tissue biopsies, particularly in resource-limited settings.