Incidence of primary central nervous system tumors across age groups and histological groups in Osaka, Japan, 2011-2020.
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BACKGROUND: Primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors impose a substantial burden of morbidity and mortality globally. Information on the incidence of each histological subtype of primary CNS tumors is limited in Japan. The aim of this study was to describe the incidence of primary CNS tumors across age groups and histological groups in a population-based setting in Osaka, Japan. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with primary CNS tumors between 2011 and 2020 were identified using data from the Osaka Cancer Registry. The average annual incidence rate was calculated for 10-year periods. Age-standardized incidence rates were calculated using the 2015 Japan Standard Population, the 2000 US standard population, the 2013 European Standard Population, and the World Standard Population. RESULTS: A total of 16,650 patients were identified for the overall annual age-standardized incidence rate of 20.81 per 100,000 Japanese standard population (to US standard population, 14.88 per 100,000; to European standard population, 17.98 per 100,000; to world standard population, 12.39 per 100,000). Non-malignant tumors accounted for 72.6% of all tumors. The most common non-malignant and malignant subtypes were meningioma (27.9%) and glioblastoma (13.6%), respectively. Lymphoma was the fifth most common subtype (7.1%). Of malignant tumors, relatively high age-specific incidence rates were found for germ cell tumors in children and lymphoma in older adults. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided a comprehensive description of the incidence of primary CNS tumors in Japan. The results suggest that lymphoma may occupy a major position among primary CNS tumors in Japan when compared with previous reports from other countries.