High Recurrence Rates of Osteoid Osteoma Treated With Open Surgery and Radiofrequency Ablation.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Osteoid Osteoma (OO) is a painful, benign bone tumor that can be treated surgically with en bloc resection, curettage, and radiofrequency ablation (RFA). This study aims to measure recurrence rates after initial treatment by treatment type and to examine clinical factors associated with recurrence. METHODS: A retrospective review of patients with an OO diagnosis was performed using a pathology database from a tertiary pediatric hospital between November 1, 2004 and July 1, 2024. Statistical analysis examined the relationships among surgical technique, recurrence, and clinical variables. RESULTS: 24 patients met inclusion criteria with a median follow-up of 1.41 years (interquartile range, IQR 2.0) and a median age at treatment of 9.92 years (IQR 5.8-13.5). Twelve patients (50.0%) experienced symptomatic tumor recurrence, with a median time to recurrence of 0.92 years (IQR 0.1-3.0). Of those with tumor recurrence, five patients were initially treated with excision and curettage, while the remaining nine underwent RFA. There was no significant correlation between recurrence and surgical intervention (p = 0.667), age at initial surgery (p = 0.468), or patient sex (p = 0.667). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical management of pediatric OO is linked to high recurrence rates, and recurrence is not related to surgical intervention, age, or patient sex.