[Endoscopic Treatment of Pediatric Brain Tumors].
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Endoscopy provides a bright, wide field of view in deep surgical corridors, and preserves image quality under continuous irrigation ("underwater" conditions). Pediatric patients tolerate limited blood loss and are vulnerable to retraction injuries; therefore, meticulous hemostasis and brain-sparing techniques are mandatory. As hydrocephalus commonly accompanies pediatric brain tumors, treatment should address both tumor control and cerebrospinal fluid diversion within the same operation. Endoscopy enables access through minimal corridors, and is particularly effective for deep-seated lesions. Safe application requires rigorous preoperative planning and simulation to delineate the lesion, feeding and draining vessels, critical white matter tracts, and deep venous structures near the intended corridor. Patient positioning and operating room setup must be optimized in advance. When underwater techniques are anticipated, the angle of the tubular retractor (cannula/cylinder) should allow the maintenance of a stable fluid column. This article provides a practice-oriented overview of the endoscopic management of pediatric intraventricular and intraparenchymal tumors, emphasizing the importance of planning, workflow discipline, and strategies that minimize blood loss and parenchymal injury, while integrating diagnosis, cytoreduction, and CSF pathway reconstruction.