Association of Glucose Response Shape in OGTT With Markers of Pancreatic Health and Inflammation Across Diverse Ages.
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CONTEXT: The shape of glucose response in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is a biomarker for pancreatic β-cell health. A biphasic response is deemed metabolically healthier compared to monophasic, while persistent increase is a harbinger of diabetes. OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship of inflammatory markers with the shape of glucose OGTT response in a wide age range and populations. METHODS: Reanalysis of data obtained in cross-sectional prospective clinical studies: individuals of self-reported Black ancestry (adolescents, n = 276, age 16.3 ± 1.7 years, 47.5% female; young adults, n = 486, age 37.7 ± 7.5 years, 49.6% female) who were seen at Thomas Jefferson University between 2006 and 2011, and data obtained from Pennington Biomedical Research Center for healthy individuals enrolled in clinical studies with OGTT data (n = 95, age 55.2 ± 9.9 years, 52.3% female, 27.3% Black). OGTT glucose response curves were classified into biphasic, monophasic and persistent increase groups. Correlation of glycemic indices and inflammatory markers with the shape of the OGTT glucose response curve was assessed. RESULTS: Persistent increase glucose curve was associated with lower insulinogenic and Matsuda index, and phase 1 and phase 2 insulin secretion, but higher homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and glucose area under the curve compared to monophasic or biphasic groups. Circulating inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, tumor necrosis factor α) were higher, while adiponectin was lower in the persistent increase group. Findings were more prominent in adults compared to adolescents. CONCLUSION: Shape of glucose response curve is a biomarker for glycemia measures and obesity-related inflammation across ages.