Evaluation of the periodontal status and systemic diseases in dental patients in Turkey.
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BACKGROUND: Periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory diseases related to many hereditary, environmental, physical, and psychological factors. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to determine the demographic data, periodontal status and systemic conditions of patients who reported to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, and to evaluate the relationship between the periodontal status and the associated risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included a total of 2,000 patients (974 males and 1,026 females). The anamnesis data on the patients' systemic diseases/conditions and periodontal diagnoses were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: Upon evaluating the clinical and radiological examination data, the findings were as follows: 9.20% of patients had clinically healthy gingiva; 15.20% had gingivitis on an intact periodontium; 22.75% had gingivitis on a reduced periodontium (in total, 37.95% had gingivitis); 47.20% had mild to moderate periodontitis (stages I and II, grades A and B); and 3.45% had severe periodontitis (stages III and IV, grades B and C) (in total, 50.65% had periodontitis). Additionally, 2.20% of patients were diagnosed with necrotizing periodontal diseases (NPD). Gingival health was significantly poorer in patients with hypertension, diabetes, gastrointestinal system diseases (GID), cardiovascular system diseases (CVD), gynecological disorders, psychiatric disorders, hypothyroidism, rheumatological diseases, osteoporosis, chronic respiratory diseases/asthma, anemia, a history of cancer, and dermatological problems (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Periodontitis is a significant public health concern among the Turkish population, with high incidence rates of mild to moderate periodontitis attributed to risk factors such as age, smoking and various systemic diseases.