Clinical Characteristics and Prognostic Outcomes of Spinal Cord Gliomas with Intracranial Metastasis: An Integrated Analysis Based on Individual Cases.
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OBJECTIVE: To characterize the clinicopathological features and identify survival predictors in rare spinal cord gliomas (SCGs) with intracranial metastasis (IM), with the goal of guiding clinical decision-making and optimizing management strategies. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 62 histopathologically verified SCGs (12 low-grade and 50 high-grade) with IM based on published cases and case series. Survival outcomes were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier methods with time-dependent variables. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate survival patterns, and Cox proportional hazards regression was applied to identify prognostic factors associated with survival outcomes. RESULTS: Univariate analysis showed symptom duration and extent of resection significantly affected diagnosis-to-intracranial metastasis (DTIM) (extent of resection as an independent factor, P < 0.05). Overall survival analysis demonstrated that the IM site, pathology type, and intracranial metastasis-to-outcome (IMTO) significantly influenced patient prognosis (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis confirmed DTIM and IMTO as independent predictors of overall survival (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Maximal safe resection with adjuvant therapy remains of paramount importance. Extending the DTIM and IMTO through tailored therapeutic strategies significantly enhances survival outcomes in patients with SCGs complicated by IM.