Systematic Review of Pediatric Photoprotection in Children of Color.
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BACKGROUND: Early childhood sun exposure contributes to lifetime risk of skin cancer. Many individuals from diverse ethnic backgrounds believe their skin tone confers immunity to sun damage; however, evidence of negative outcomes exists. Best practice in photoprotection for children of color is unclear. OBJECTIVE: We sought to address the risks, benefits, and needs for sun protection and education in children of color. METHODS: An English-language systematic literature review was conducted. Inclusion criteria were data on children of color and content relevant to photodamage and photoprotection. RESULTS: Photoprotection is needed for children of all skin tones with photosensitivity. Individuals with darker skin tones have more innate photoprotection compared with lighter skin tone individuals, but both have incomplete photoprotection. Risk of nevus formation, skin cancer, and dyspigmentation are universal with varying degrees. Hispanic and Black communities are less likely to practice sun protection. Studies demonstrate need for early, culturally appropriate education about sun exposure in all communities. LIMITATIONS: Studies reviewed were of varied design and populations. CONCLUSION: This review determined that photoprotection has benefits for all patients, and the benefits of photoprotection should be taught early to children, caregivers, and parents of all skin tones using culturally appropriate approaches.