Comparison of clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes of patients infected with Bacteroides fragilis group at a tertiary care hospital in central China between 2017 and March 2024.
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OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and risk factors for treatment failure in patients infected with various Bacteroides fragilis group (BFG) species. METHODS: We analyzed clinical and laboratory data from 178 patients infected with BFG who were admitted to our hospital between 2017 and 2024. We analyzed categorical data using Chi-square and Fisher exact tests, continuous variables using Student's t-tests or Mann-Whitney U-tests, and risk factors using multivariate logistic regression and Pearson's chi-squared tests. RESULTS: Bacteroides fragilis (69.7 %) and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (16.9 %) were the most prevalent species among 178 BFG isolates. Most patients had polymicrobial infections, with the following pathogens isolated from concurrent samples: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Enterococcus spp. Intra-abdominal sites were most frequently infected with BFG. Patients aged >50 years and those who had intravascular catheters were infected with more other Bacteroides species than B. fragilis. Admission to an ICU, respiratory, renal and cardiovascular diseases, and chest drainage were associated more often with B. thetaiotaomicron than with B. fragilis. Gastrointestinal diseases, tracheal intubation, and ICU admission were associated more frequently with treatment failure in patients infected with B. fragilis whereas solid cancers, renal disease, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and tracheal intubation were more likely to be associated with treatment failure in patients infected with other Bacteroides spp. CONCLUSIONS: The most prevalent BFG species in the patients were B. fragilis and B. thetaiotaomicron. The demographic characteristics of the patients, underlying diseases, and risk factors for poor clinical outcomes clearly differed among species.