Unusual Presentation of Myeloid Sarcoma as Thigh Mass.
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INTRODUCTION: Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a tumor containing myeloid blasts, with or without maturation, involving any anatomical site other than the bone marrow. It can occur de novo or following a hematological malignancy. CASE: We report a 6-year-old female who presented with fever and a rapidly enlarging left thigh mass. The initial provisional diagnosis considered was tubercular hip arthritis with an abscess, but imaging investigations suggested neoplastic swelling. A biopsy of the mass showed a malignant small-round cell tumor. Bone marrow aspiration revealed the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia without the presence of blasts in the peripheral smear. CONCLUSION: MS is a rare malignancy. The diagnosis is often delayed due to a lack of clinical suspicion and the absence of blasts in peripheral blood. This report aims to enhance the awareness of pediatric nurse practitioners that MS should also be considered as a differential for an extremity mass.