Global trends in adolescent and young adult female cancer burden, 1990-2021: insights from the Global Burden of Disease study.
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BACKGROUND: The impact of breast carcinoma and genital tract malignancy on the physical and mental health, especially reproductive function, of women aged 15-39 years in the adolescent and young adult (AYA) group is significant. This research aims to analyze the burden of AYA female cancer in various regions and countries globally from 1990 to 2021. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Epidemiological data were sourced from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2021. The study analyzed data on female cancers (breast, ovarian, uterine, and cervical) to assess disease burden across different ages, years, and locations, encompassing 21 GBD regions, 195 countries, and five sociodemographic index (SDI) regions. RESULTS: In 2021, AYA female cancer saw 383 241 new cases and 81 679 deaths globally, with 2 975 183 prevalent cases and 4 855 780 disability-adjusted life years. In 2021, Central Latin America recorded the highest age-standardized incidence (ASIR) and prevalence rates (ASPR), whereas South sub-Saharan Africa had the highest age-standardized mortality (ASMR) and disability rates (ASDR). Nations with high SDI typically exhibited elevated ASIR and ASPR, whereas ASMR and ASDR demonstrated inverse patterns. Over the past three decades, ASIR and ASPR of female cancers among AYA women have increased globally. In contrast, the ASMR and ASDR have demonstrated a declining trend. Notably, breast cancer emerged as the most prevalent malignancy among AYA women. CONCLUSIONS: Over the past three decades, the ASIR and ASPR of AYA female cancers have consistently increased, significantly burdening this demographic. Additionally, pronounced disparities are evident across different regions and countries, with AYA women in low SDI environments experiencing poorer prognoses compared to their counterparts in high SDI environments. Consequently, it is imperative to enhance interregional collaboration and communication to optimize the overall prognosis of AYA female cancers.